Electrical

Electrical Engineering, Control Panels and Alternative Energy.

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Hitachi is a highly diversified company with products and solutions in High Functional Materials & Components, Power Systems, Electronic Systems & Equipment, Automotive Systems, Digital Media…

Hitachi – Engineering and Technologies

Hitachi was founded in 1910 by electrical engineer Namihei Odaira. The company’s first product was Japan’s first 5-horsepower electric induction motor, initially developed for use in copper mining. Odaira’s company soon became the domestic leader in electric motors and electric power industry infrastructure

Hitachi J100 adjustable and Variable frequency drive

Hitachi J100 adjustable and Variable frequency drive. Photographed by C J Cowie

Hitachi at Wikipedia

Hitachi has contributed immensely to semiconductor and electronic manufacturing technologies.

  • 1958 Completed six-transistor miniature portable radio
  • 1959 Completed electronic computers based on transistors
  • 1966 Developed LTP processing technique for silicon transistors
  • 1978 Experimental color camera with solid-state miniature image device developed

Hitachi History

1976 Hitachi portable VTR, for Sony 1″ type C; the source and take-up reels are stacked for compactness.

HITACHI 1 Zoll-C-Maschine - Video tape recorder

HITACHI 1 Zoll-C-Maschine – Video tape recorder

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In 1876, Thomas Alva Edison opened a new laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Out of the laboratory came arguably the most famous invention of all-a practical incandescent electric lamp. By 1890, Edison had organized his various businesses into the “Edison General Electric Company.”

General Electric Company – GE

General Electric 40W light bulb.

General Electric 40W light bulb.

“Charles Proteus Steinmetz, already a distinguished industrial scientist, was hard at work as GE’s chief consulting engineer. After years of persuasion, Steinmetz convinced the GE leadership that the company would need a research laboratory to maintain its edge in lighting and electricity and also finding new areas to grow.” – Heritage of Research

Charles Proteus Steinmetz

Charles Proteus Steinmetz He made ground-breaking discoveries in the understanding of hysteresis that enabled engineers to better design electric motors for use in industry.

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Siemens is one of the world’s largest technology companies. Siemens has six major business divisions: Communication and Information, Automation and Control, Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Transportation and Automotive, Medical, and Lighting.

Siemens – Industrial Technology

Siemens & Halske was founded by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske on 12 October 1847. Based on the telegraph, his invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on October 12. – Wikipedia – Siemens

Analog Integrated Circuits 1976 – Siemens

Analog Integrated Circuits 1976 - Siemens

In 1999, Siemens’ semiconductor operations were spun off into a new company called Infineon Technologies.

In 1881, a Siemens AC Alternator driven by a watermill was used to power the world’s first electric street lighting in the town of Godalming, United Kingdom.

Siemens Console 1988

Siemens Console 1988

Siemens Industry Automation and Drives

Complete and integrated line of products, systems and solutions for production and process automation. Customized automation solutions based on Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) and Totally Integrated Power (TIP).

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Electromagnetic interference (or EMI, also called radio-frequency interference or RFI when in radio frequency) is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source.

Electromagnetic interference Wiki

Vertical polarized VHF- UHF biconical antenna

Vertical polarized VHF- UHF biconical antenna
170 – 1100 MHz with omni directional H-plane pattern

Who would know better about Radio Frequency Interference and ElectroMagnetic Interference more than the Hams or Amateur Radio Community.

If they have to communicate effectively using limited resources, they have to deal with EMI/RFI effectively, While they build their equipment or combat Noise from other Machines and Installations nearby.

This problem needs more practical involvement and experimentation to learn, compared to learning something like Digital Electronics.

Equipment and Electricals like SMPS, AC/DC Drives, Motors, Solenoids and CFL Lamps are to be built/reinforced for low EMI/RFI emission/radiation.

Sensitive Medical Equipment like ECG or even a Aircraft can be seriously affected by Noise.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

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“Earth leakage currents arise mainly from the EMC filters built into electronic equipment with switched mode power supplies. Standards limit the leakage current from non-fixed equipment (i.e. equipment that plugs into a standard socket outlet) to less than 3.5 mA. When a lot of electronic equipment is in use, the total leakage current in the protective conductor can become significant.”

Earthing Practice by Trevor Charlton

  • Methods of Earthing
  • Earth Conductors
  • Electrical interference
  • Lightning Protection

Earthing Practice and Power Quality

Power Quality and Utilisation Guide

The PQ E-library is a collection of electronic technical reference documents covering introduction, costs, harmonics, resilience, voltage disturbances, earthing, energy efficiency and renewables/distributed generation

Copper Development Association

  • Educational Resources
  • Computers cannot work without copper
  • Electricity in buildings

Copper Development Association Website for information on Copper and Copper Alloys

Copper Development Association – Resource Library

Copper Development Association provides a range of resources in support of the correct and efficient use of copper and copper alloys for major applications.

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Supplementary to EMI/RFI/EMC Immunity of an Equipment. Many Installations are subject to Highly Disruptive Electrical Environment not just EMI. Depending on the budget and the situation a solution has to be found. Sometimes a CVT or an Isolation Transformer can do a lot of good. Converting all Energy inputs to battery energy and having a Isolated Synthetic Sine Supply may be an expensive but good solution. Either way the devices that face the harsh environment have to be over rated along with these protections.

Siemens Residential Surge Protection

Abstract-This study examines the design and construction of AC Electronics load surge protection in order to carry electric surge load arisen from faults in low voltage electricity system (single phase/220V) by using the principle of electronics load clamping voltage during induction period so that electric voltage could go through to safe load and continue to work. The qualification of the designed device could prevent both transient over voltage and voltage swell.

Design of AC Electronics Load Surge Protection – World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology – WASET

See a product from the MTL Instruments Group. They have a Comprehensive range of surge protection devices offering solutions for all mains power, process control, network and communications, telecom, wireless and RF systems.

ZoneMaster Series

The ZoneMaster Series is available in units with either a 200 or 170kA surge handling capability. ZoneMaster is engineered to protect the most critical electronic systems, suppressing surges at the main service panel.

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“The EMerge Alliance was established to promote the rapid adoption of safe, low-voltage DC power distribution and use in commercial building interiors.”

EMerge Alliance – Safe Low-voltage Power

Twitter Interface – @EMergeAlliance – Promoting adoption of Safe Low-voltage DC Interior Power Distribution.

Highlights

Occupied Space: The first available EMerge Alliance Standard creates a 24-volt DC microgrid for use in commercial interiors, featuring safety and flexibility along with efficiency benefits. See Registered Products.

Data Centers: A 380-volt DC power standard focused on data center and telecommunication applications is under development. View Presentation.

EMerge Alliance 24 volt DC power system demo at Greenbuild 2009. Demo features ceiling grid, lighting, sensors and controls

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This is an educative and important guide for Electrical Equipment Safety. This can be also applied partially to Power Electronics and Home Energy Systems. Electronic Equipment also have to be maintained by Calibrating them and protecting them from environmental parameters like dust, grime, direct sunlight, moisture, humidity, sea wind (brine), corrosive fumes and chemicals. They should not be even placed near machines like a big lathe, sub-sonic or low frequency vibrations.

Electrical Safety Testing Reference Guide

Electrical Safety is a Serious Issue Electrical Safety in the workplace is the most important job of an electrical worker. No matter how much training one has received or how much employers try to safeguard their workers, Electrical Safety is ultimately the responsibility of the electrical worker.

Electrical Safety Hazards Handbook

Power Studies, Arc-Flash Hazard Labeling, Data Gathering and Inspection, Engineering Services.

The steps to osha electrical safety

Electrical Design, Lighting and most important Earthing or Grounding. Good Reference Articles and Product Reviews.

Electrical Construction and Maintenancee Power Quality, National Electric Code, Construction, V/D/V, Ops, Equipment Rental Industry Resourc

Earthing or Grounding is something Audio Enthusiasts make a lot of fuss about. The Articles here about Balanced Power, Symmetrical Power Systems and Earthing throw light on ways to counter Audio Noise.

AC Power has the 50/60 Hz noise, now more AC noise can be picked up by poorly designed systems when so many gadgets around. These articles are also relevant for the instrumentation engineer. Dissonance is encountered when you build sensitive strain gauge based measurements or while measuring and transmitting micro-volts from a remote sensor to the dashboard/control panel.

Index of Technical Articles About Balanced Power

International leader in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and power quality (PQ). EMC Filters, RFI Suppression Chokes, Feedthrough Components.

Schaffner – @SchaffnerEMC – EMC/EMI components, harmonic filters & magnetic components.

Schaffner – electromagnetic compatibility